Past Participle
Apa sih itu
Past Participle??? apa gunanya dalam sebuah kalimat ?? bagaimana cara membentuknya ? masih bingung atau belum tahu ?? yuk simak pembahasannya berikut ini ..
Partic
iple
adalah kata kerja yang berakhiran –ing dan –d / ed yang berfungsi
sebagai kata kerja atau kata sifat.
Participle
dibagi menjadi dua (2) yaitu Present Participle and Past
Participle. Present Participle adalah bentuk kata kerja
yang berakhiran –ing, sedangkan Past Participle adalah
bentuk kata kerja yang berakhiran –d / -ed dan bentuk kata
kerja ketiga (Verb 3) yang tidak beraturan.
Present
Participle and Past Participle bisa berfungsi sebagai :
1. The verb of the sentence (kata kerja dalam kalimat)
2. The adjective (kata sifat)
3. The adverb (kata keterangan)
4. Present Participle and Past Participle diletakkan
setelah kata kerja lain (other verbs) dan ungkapan (expressions)
A.
Past Participle as the verb of the sentence (kata kerja dalam kalimat)
Past
Participle sebagai kata kerja dalam kalimat bisa dijumpai dalam kalimat yang
menggunakan Perfect Tenses dan Passive voice (kalimat
pasif).
E.g :
I must
have helped his unlucky friend.
Had you moved when
I visited your old house ?
The flowers are
watered everyday by me.
I have had dinner
in restaurant.
B.
Past Participle as the adjective (kata sifat)
The
adjective bisa digunakan sebagai the modifier of the noun (penjelas kata
benda), the complement of the sentence (pelengkap kalimat) dan dalam bentuk
adjective phrases (frase yang menjelaskan kata benda).
1.
The adjective berfungsi sebagai penjelas kata benda (the modifier of the
noun)
Past Participle bisa digunakan sebagai penjelas kata
benda. Past Participle menjelaskan sifat (characteristic) benda tersebut dan
biasanya merupakan sifat permanen (permanent characteristic).
Past
Participle + The Noun
E.g :
Who is
the wanted girl ?
He can heal
her broken heart.
Do you
like fried rice ?
I met called
man last night.
Contoh lain :
- fried banana
|
- roasted meat
|
- dialled number
|
- armed civilians
|
- adopted child
|
- fallen tree
|
- disappointed people
|
- expired date
|
- hidden camera
|
- received call
|
- animated movie
|
- smoked fish
|
- naked science
|
- faded flower
|
- frigthened face
|
- lost civilization
|
- frozen lake
|
- etc...
|
Ketika
Past Participle berfungsi sebagai penjelas kata benda, maka
mengandung makna passive meaning (di / ter) atau perfect
meaning (sudah / telah).
E.g :
Fried
rice (nasi yang digoreng).
Salted
egg (telur yang diasinkan).
Married
woman (wanita yang telah menikah).
Developed
country (negara yang telah berkembang).
Fallen
tree (pohon yang telah tumbang).
2.
The adjective berfungsi sebagai pelengkap kalimat (the complement of the
sentence)
Past
Participle bisa digunakan sebagai pelengkap kalimat (the complement of the
sentence). Ketika Present Participle dan Past Participle digunakan sebagai
pelengkap kalimat bisa diletakkan setelah BE / LINKING VERBS.
a. Subject + be + Past Participle
E.g :
He was very shocked when
knowing that his mother got an accident.
Who is very embarrased ?
Are they pleased to
meet you ?
Is she ashamed ?
Were they scared last
night ?
b. Subject + Linking
Verb + Present / Past Participle
Linking verbs yang biasa diikuti oleh Participle
adalah :
Seem,
look, feel, appear, get, become, sound.
E.g :
We have to
feel blessed every time.
I felt lost without
you beside me.
Whose father
becomes annoyed ?
Who appeared confused on
the stage ?
Ayu does not
feel insulted but just little offended.
3. The
adjective dalam bentuk Adjective Phrases.
A phrase
(frase) adalah kumpulan kata yang mempunyai arti. The adjective phrase adalah
frase yang menjelaskan / mendiskripsikan kata benda.
The adjective phrase dibentuk dari the adjective
clause dengan cara menghilangkan the adjective clause.
Langkah
– langkah untuk menghilangkan the adjective clause menjadi the adjective phrase
:
1. Hilangkan Relative Pronoun (khususnya Relative
pronoun untuk subject : who, that, which)
2. Ganti kata kerja di adjective clause dengan
menggunakan Participle.
- Past Participle digunakan
untuk the adjective clause yang mengandung makna Passive (di / ter).
E.g :
Winda
wanted to buy the gadget which was advertised on a daily newspaper.
Adjective
clause
Winda
wanted to buy the gadget advertised on a daily newspaper.
Adjective
phrase
Catatan :
Past
Participle dalam bentuk the adjective phrase tidak digunakan jika
the adjective clause nya untuk object (whom,which), possessive (whose), atau
keterangan (when, where, why).
C.
Past Participle after other verbs and expressions.
Present
Participle dan Past Participle bisa ditempatkan setelah kata kerja tertentu dan
juga ungkapan – ungkapan (expressions).
1.
Participle bisa diletakkan setelah kata kerja indra (the verbs of sensation)
Past
Participle bisa diletakkan setelah kata kerja : see, feel, smell, hear,
listen to, look at, watch, observe dan notice.
Subject + Verbs of sensation + Object + Past Participle.
Past Participle mengandung makna Passive (di/ter).
E.g :
Who used to watch the
ships loaded and unloaded ?
Will you see a
house built ?
They did not hear their
name called.
I don’t want to
see you killed.
Catatan :
The
verbs of sensation juga bisa diikuti oleh Bare Infinitive, kecuali feel dan smell.
Bare infinitive setelah the verbs of sensation mengacu
seluruh aktivitas dari awal sampai akhir (a whole action) sedangkan
Present Participle mengacu sebagian dari kegiatan (a part of the action).
E.g :
Asri watched his
father change the tire of his motorbike.
(Asri berada di dekat ayahnya dari awal sampai
selesai).
Asri watched his father
changing the tire of his motorbike.
(Asri berada di dekat ayahnya tapi tidak sampai
selesai, hanya melihat sekilas).
2.Past Participle
after leave, catch, and find.
Past Participle bisa ditempatkan setelah kata kerja
: leave, catch, and find.
Subject + leave, catch, find + Object + Past Participle
E.g :
Firsa often
leaves her duty un finished.
An old man has
found a baby abandoned in the trash place.
3.
Participle after sit, stand, lie.
Past Participle bisa diletakkan setelah kata sit,
stand, lie.
Subject + sit, stand, lie + The expressions of the place +
Past Participle
E.g :
A naughty student had to
stand at the corner of the class punished for coming late.
A criminal sat on the
chair interrogated seriously.
4.
Participle after have and get.
Past Participle bisa diletakkan setelah kata : have
dan get.
Distruktur kalimat ini Have dan Get memiliki
arti Meminta atau Menyuruh.
Subject + have, get + Object + Past Participle
E.g :
Riky gets
the letter printed.
I have
my dirty clothes washed.
I
don’t get my shoes polished.
Will Neila get
her duty done ?
They get
the problem fixed.
D.
Participle as the adverb in the adverb phrase
Past
Participle bisa digunakan dalam Adverb (keterangan) dalam bentuk Adverb Phrase.
Past Participle menunjukkan (mengandung makna) : cause
(alasan), result / effect (hasil), manner (cara), condition (syarat) dan
menunjukkan waktu seperti before (sebelum), after (setelah), when (ketika),
while (sementara/sambil), since (sejak).
1.
Past Participle menunjukkan sebab (cause)
E.g :
Since Adnan was
not accepted to work abroad, he tried to run his own business.
Adverbial
clause
Not accepted to
work abroad, he tried to
run his own business.
Adverbial
phrase
As Mr. Philip
was elected the chairman of the conference, he did not have much time to
sleep.
Adverbial
clause
Elected the
chairman of the conference, he did not have much time to
sleep.
Adverbial
phrase
2. Past
Participle menunjukkan hasil (result/efect)
E.g :
A thief tried to
escape from the police, shot on the leg.
(Seorang pencuri mencoba kabur dari polisi sehingga
ditembak dikaki)
3.Past Participle
menujukkan cara (manner)
E.g :
The frighened child
entered his first day at school, accompanied by his mother.
4.
Past Participle menunjukkan syarat (condition)
E.g :
Spent wisely, your salary will be enough for your life a month.
(Jika dibelanjakan dengan bijak, gajimu akan cukup
untuk biaya hidup sebulan).
5.Past Participle
menunjukkan waktu (time)
E.g :
When
interviewed for his job, Bily was not very confident. Or
Interviewed
for his job, Bily was not very confident.
Nah itulah penjelasan mengenai Pengertian Macam dan Contoh Past Participle ...
Terima kasih telah berkunjung, Semoga Bermanfaat : )
