GERUND
Apa sih itu Gerund (Verb ing) ?? apa ya fungsinya ?? belum tahu atau masih bingung ?? yuk simak pembahasannya berikut ini ...
The Gerund adalah bentuk kata kerja yang berakhiran -ing (the ing-form of the verb) yang menempati posisi sebagai kata benda (noun), atau berfungsi / bertindak sebagai kata benda (noun).
The gerund bisa menempati posisi Subject, Object, setelah kata depan dan sebagainya.
A. The Kinds of Gerund (Macam - Macam Gerund)
1. Gerund yang berkedudukan sebagai Subject.
Subject dalam kalimat berupa VERB - ING (Gerund)
Formula :
Subject (Gerund) + Verb + Object
E.g :
- Smoking kills us slowly.
Subject verb obj adverb
- Does practicing make perfect ?
- Listening strengthens your English ability.
Note : Ketika Gerund ditempatkan di posisi Subject kalimat, Gerund memerlukan kata kerja tunggal ( a singular verb ).
Loving and being loved are human rights.
Planting orchids and lotuses needs patience.
Reading and writing are exciting.
Jika gerund lebih dari satu, maka kata kerja yang digunakan adalah kata kerja plural.
Dilihat dari posisi dalam kalimat, the gerund adalah kata benda.
Dilihat dari karakternya, the gerund tetap merupakan kata kerja, oleh karena itu the gerund bisa memiliki object atau keterangan sendiri.
- Jogging in the morning helps stay healthy.
Subject kalimat ini adalah "jogging in the morning", tetapi kata "jogging" memiliki keterangan waktu sendiri yaitu "in the morning".
- Losing our dignity is a disaster.
Subject kalimat ini adalah "losing our dignity", tetapi kata "losing" memiliki object sendiri yaitu "our dignity".
2. Gerund yang berkedudukan sebagai Object.
a. The gerund sebagai object dari kata - kata kerja tertentu (the object of certain verbs)
Subject + VERB (certain) + object
Kata Kerja yang diikuti gerund :
- deny - risk - miss - understand
- admit - avoid - enjoy - mind
- imagine - consider - love - like
- regret - anticipate - mention - continue
- delay - go - postpone - prefer
- try - quit - finish - begin
- escape - etc.
E.g :
- I prefer staying at home on Saturday night.
- Who likes cooking ?
- Laura goes climbing once three months.
- They love fishing together.
The gerund sebagai Object kata depan (the object of prepositions)
E.g :
- He went home without telling me.
- Father killed a spider by hitting it with a rolling newspaper.
- Are you good at painting ?
b. The gerund sebagai Object pelengkap / pelengkap kalimat.
E.g :
- My talent is dancing traditional dance.
- What I love is meeting you.
- John's bad habbit is disturbing girls in the classroom.
3. Gerund yang berfungsi sebagai penjelas (the modifier of the noun)
Gerund ditempatkan sebelum kata benda dan the gerund itu menyatakan fungsi kata benda yang mengikuti.
Formula :
The Gerund + The Noun
E.g :
- How long has Rudy been wearing a hearing aid ?
- When was your cat been trated in a nursing home ?
- Will a warning system for Tsunami be installed in this seashore ?
Contoh lain :
- Hiking tools - Swimming pool - fishing pool
- writing desk - gardening tools - walking stick
- fishing hook - praying mat - painting brush
- praying veil - heating technology - slimming tea
- drawing book - building construction - walking text
- etc.
4. Gerund yang berfungsi sebagai ungkapan larangan pendek (the short prohibition)
The gerund yang diguanakan sebagai tanda larangan tertulis (written signs).
Biasanya di tempatkan di tempat - tempat umum.
Formula :
NO + The Gerund +
Dalalm bahasa Indonesia diartikan "dilarang".
E.g :
No Parking Dilarang parkir
No Swimming Dilarang berenang
No Bathing Dilarang mandi
No Sunbathing Dilarang berjemur
No Loitering Dilarang mondar - mandir
No Littering Dilarang buang sampah sembarangan
No Hunting Dilarang berburu
No Feeding Dilarang memberi makan
Catatan :
"No Parking" tidak sama dengan "Don't park!". "Don't park!" adalah perintah langsung dari orang yang berbicara dengan kita.
"No Parking Area" bukan merupakpan larangan pendek (short prohibition), itu adalah the gerund sebagai a noun modifier yang mengandung arti bukan area parkir / tempat untuk parkir.
B. The Keys of The Gerund
The Keys of The Gerund membahas peletakkan / penempatan The gerund dalalm kalimat atau frase.
1. Gerund diletakkan setelah kata sifat.
Dalam hal ini hanyalah kata sifat yang bisa berfungsi sebagai penjelas (modifier) dan the gerund adalah kata benda yang diterangkan (head).
E.g :
- Can we stop the cases of illegal loggings ?
- What causes a global warming ?
- My mother cooked delicious cookings.
- That movie doesn't have a happy ending.
2. Gerund diletakkan setelah Possessive Adjective atau Genitive
E.g :
- I like my mother's cooking.
- I have finished my writing.
- Your thinking becomes idol.
- We love your leading.
3. Gerund after Idiomatic Expressions
Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada
sejumlah frase yang harus diikuti dengan VERB-ING (The Gerund). Contoh – contoh
Idiomatic Expressions yang diikuti The Grund adalah :
a. There / It is no use + Gerund
“Tak ada gunanya”
E.g :
There is no use waiting for
you.
It is much use reviewing the
lesson that we have studied.
Is it / there any use playing
game ?
b. There / It is no good + Gerund “Tak ada
bagus / baiknya”
E.g :
It is much good helping each
other.
There is no good telling a
lie.
Is it / there any use
cheating in a test ?
c. There / It is no fun + Gerund “Tak
ada senangnya”
E.g :
It is no fun being
lied.
Is it / there any fun hiking
with some friends ?
There is much fun meeting my
favorite actor.
d. There / It is no harm in + Gerund “Tak ada salahya”
E.g :
Is it / there any harm in marrying
a widow ?
There is no harm in asking
for some help.
There is much harm in making
affair.
e. There / It is no point in + Gerund “Tak ada
nilai / harganya”
E.g :
Is there / it any point in
believing in you ?
There is much point in
helping the poor.
It is no point in reminding a
stubborn person.
f. It
is worth + Gerund “berguna / bermanfaat
penting”
E.g :
Is it worth abusing drugs ?
It is worth taking a bath
early in the morning.
Catatan :
Subject + be + worth + Gerund
The gerund
dalam struktur ini harus diterjemahkan ke dalam arti pasif, dan kata “worth” bermakna layak / pantas.
No one is worth insulting. (tak seorangpun
pantas dihina)
This food
is not worth eating anymore (makanan ini tidak layak dimakan lagi)
She is worth loving (dia layak dicintai)
If a thing is worth doing, it is worth
doing well (English saying – Jika sesuatu layak dikerjakan maka itu layak
dilakukan dengan baik)
g. Can’t stand + Gerund “Tidak
tahan” (=can’t bear / endure)
E.g :
Can you stand being forced ?
Salsa
can’t stand living in a small house.
I can’t stand being led by
him.
h. Can’t help + Gerund “Tidak bisa menghindar” (=can’t avoid / prevent)
E.g :
Can he help staying in a boarding house ?
Adi can’t help earning money
for his family after his father is death.
i. Go + Gerund “Pergi ....”
Go + Gerund digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan rekreasi
(recreational acivity)
E.g :
They went shopping yesterday.
Will we go jogging tomorrow ?
Risma has gone snorkelling in
Banda sea
j. Would you mind + Gerund
“Apakah anda keberatan ....”
Idiomatic Expression “Would you mind” digunakan untuk meminta
seseorang melakuka sesuatu
Eg :
Would you mind picking me up later
?
Would you mind listening to my
explanation ?
4. Gerund after
Number (cardinal, ordinal, fraction)
E.g :
I have to finish three paintings.
It is my one third writing.
It was Mela’s first dating.
5.
Gerund after Time
E.g :
I will be absent on Mondays meeting.
Where will the annual meeting be held
?
6.
Gerund after Dem
onstrative and Question Words
onstrative and Question Words
E.g :
Whose teaching do you like ?
This building is the highest.
What drawing is she making now ?
7. Gerund
after Prepositions
Prepositions
(kata depan) dalam bahasa Inggris
dikelompokkan menjadi dua (2) yaitu :
a. Free Prepositions
Free
Prepositions diantaranya : for, with, without, by, besides, from, in, after,
before....etc
E.g :
This knife is for carving fruits.
Save us from doing bad things!
I forget my problems by swimming.
b. Bound Prepositions (kata depan terikat)
- Adjective + Preposition + Gerund
E.g :
She is sorry for not helping us.
I am sick of doing what he wants.
They are good at memorizing
vocabularies.
Contoh Adjective + Prepositions :
Be responsible for
|
Be tired of
|
Be fond of
|
Be interested in
|
Be ashamed of
|
Be successful in
|
Be better of
|
Be accustomed to
|
Be sick of (annoyed)
|
Be sick about (unhappy)
|
Be skilled /skillful at
|
Be keen on
|
Be afraid of
|
Be capable of
|
Be clever at
|
Be scared of
|
Be used to
|
Be suspected of
|
Be good at
|
Be bad at
|
Be embrassed about
|
Be sick for
|
Be opposed to
|
Etc ....
|
- Noun + Preposition + Gerund
E.g :
I have no chance of meeting you.
He has experience in persuading
girls.
We got difficulty in solving our
problems.
Contoh Noun + Prepositions :
Meaning of
|
Offer of
|
Opportunity of
|
Habit of
|
Danger of
|
Shame in
|
Importance of
|
Objection to
|
Reason for
|
Difficulty in
|
Surprise at
|
Skill at
|
Method of / for
|
Thought of
|
Chance of
|
Success in
|
Fear of
|
Interest in
|
Apology for
|
Excuse for
|
Right of
|
Intention of
|
Thanks for
|
Way of
|
Hope of / for
|
Means of
|
Capability of
|
Necessity of
|
Honor of
|
Experience in
|
Process of
|
Etc...
|
- Verb + Preposition + Gerund
E..g :
We wil not give up reaching our
dreams.
I dreamt of going out with my
friends.
My fathers insists on having holiday
in Rembang.
Contoh Verb + Prepositions :
Insist on
|
= bersikeras
|
Die of
|
= mati karena
|
Assist in
|
= membantu
|
Object to
|
= keberatan
|
Succed in
|
= berhasil
|
Put off
|
= menunda
|
Confess to
|
= mengakui
|
Approve of
|
= menyetujui
|
Disapprove of
|
= tidak meyetujui
|
Depend on / Rely on
|
= mengandalkan
|
Dream of
|
= membayangkan
|
Dream about
|
= bermimpi tentang
|
Give up
|
= menyerah
|
Look forward to
|
= menunggu dengan penuh harap
|
Go on
|
= melanjutkan
|
Keep on
|
= melanjutkan
|
Fine + object + for
|
= meminta maaf atas
|
Forgive + object + for
|
= memaafkan
|
Apologize to + object + for
|
= meminta maaf atas
|
Stop + object + from
|
= menghentikan.....dari
|
Prevent + object + for
|
= mencegah .... dari
|
Thank + object + for
|
= berterima kasih
|
Accuse + object + of
|
= menuduh
|
Suspect + object + of
|
= mencurigai / menyangka
|
8. Gerund after Other Verbs
Kata kerja
(verbs) yang diikuti gerud di bagi menjadi 4 yaitu :
a. Kata kerja need, want, require, deserve jika diikuti gerund, maka gerund
diartikan pasif (di/ter).
Need = perlu
Want = ingin
Require = perlu
Deserve = pantas / layak
E.g :
The flowers are faded. They need
watering. (disiram)
Does your question need answering
fast ? (dijawab)
My phone requires repairing. (diperbaiki)
b. Kata kerja yng diikuti gerund dn
gerund bermakna aktif.
Kata kerja itu adalah :
Deny
|
= menyangkal
|
Avoid
|
= menghindar
|
Enjoy
|
= menikmati
|
Love
|
= mencintai
|
Start
|
= mulai
|
Appreciate
|
= menghargai
|
Delay
|
= menunda
|
Try
|
= mencoba
|
Finish
|
= menyelesaikan
|
Imagine
|
= membayangkan
|
Fancy
|
= menyukai
|
Discuss
|
= membicarakan
|
Postpone
|
= menunda
|
Practice
|
= berlatih
|
Recall
|
= mengingat
|
Report
|
= melaporkan
|
Like
|
= suka
|
Complete
|
= melengkapi
|
Hate
|
= benci
|
Miss
|
= merindukan
|
Admit
|
= mengakui
|
Continue
|
= melanjutkan
|
Keep
|
= terus
|
Begin
|
= mulai
|
Resent
|
= merasa dongkol
|
Anticpate
|
= mengantisipasi
|
Regret
|
= menyesal
|
Detest
|
= benci
|
Quit
|
= menyerah
|
Risk
|
= berisiko
|
Dread
|
= takut
|
Understand
|
= memahami
|
Prefer
|
= lebih suka
|
Prevent
|
= mencegah
|
Recommend
|
= mengusulkan
|
Tolerate
|
= memperbolehkan
|
Dislike
|
= tidak suka
|
Mention
|
= menyebutkan
|
Suggest
|
= menyarankan
|
Mind
|
= keberatan
|
E.g :
Do you imagine fighting with hiim ?
Would you mind taking e up ?
I enjoy watching movie.
Untuk gerund
yang mengandung makna pasif harus menggunakan Passive Gerund (being + verb 3)
E.g :
My principal denied being bribed
(disuap)
We dislike being blamed. (dicaci)
c.
Kata kerja yang bisa diikuti oleh the gerund dan to infinitive yang tidak
memiliki perbedaan arti (no different meaning)
Kata kerja
itu adalah :
-
Continue -
Prefer
-
Start -
Begin
-
Love -
Hate
-
Discontinue -
Can’t stand
-
Can’t bear
E.g :
They can continue doing / to do
their homework.
It begins raining / to rain.
I will start cooking / to cook.
Catatan :
Jika kata
kerja pertama (main verb) sudah berbentuk continous / progressive tenses, maka
kata erja kedua harus berbentuk To Infinitive bukan Gerund.
E.g :
It is beginning to rain / raining.
They are starting to do / doing their
homework.
d. Kata kerja yang bisa diikuti the gerund
dan to infinitive tapi memiliki perbedaan arti (different meaning)
Kata kerja
itu adalah :
-
Forget -
Stop
-
Go on -
Try
-
Remember -
Like
-
Regret
Forget + Gerund
artinya lupa dengan apa yang telah terjadi / dilakukan.
E.g :
I forgot washing my hand (artinya saya
lupa bahwa saya sudah membasuh tangan)
Grandmother forgets having breakfast (Nenek lupa sudah sarapan
pagi)
Forget + To
Infinitive artinya lupa apa yang telah.
E.g :
I forgot to wash my hand (Saya lupa
untuk membasuh tangan)
Grandmother forgets to have breakfast (Nenek lupa untuk sarapan pagi)
Remember + Gerund artinya ingat dengan apa yang telah dilakukan / terjadi.
E.g :
I
remembered washing my hand. ( Saya ingat
apa yang teah dilakukan yaitu membasuh tangan saya)
Grandmother remembered having lunch
(Nenek ingat apa yang telah dilakukan yaitu sarapan)
Remember + To Infinitive
artinya ingat apa yang harus dilakukan / terjadi.
E.g :
I remembered to wash my hand. (Saya
ingat apa yang harus dilakukan yaitu membasuh tangan)
Grandmother remembered to have lunch (Nenek ingat
apa yang dilakukan dilakukan yaitu sarapan)
Stop + Gerund artinya menghentikan apa yang
dilakukan / terjadi.
E.g :
Linda stopped watching movie (Linda
berhenti menonton film)
We stop working at 4 p.m (Kita berhenti
bekerja jam 4 sore)
Stop + To Infinitive artinya berhenti karena
harus melakukan sesuatu atau berhenti karena ingin melakukan sesuatu.
E.g :
Laura stopped to have lunch (Laura
berhenti karena ingin makan siang)
My sister has stopped to make breakfast
(Kakakku berhenti untuk membuat sarapan)
Go on + Gerund artinya melanjutkan apa
yang sedang dilakukan atau terjadi.
E.g :
I go
on helping my mother.
Does she go on dancing ?
They will go on teaching.
Go on + To
Infinitive artinya melanjutkan atau berpindah ke sesuatu yang baru.
E.g
:
My teacher goes on to attend a meeting.
Did you go on to mop the floor ?
Regret + Gerund + artinya menyesali apa yang
telah terjadi / dilakukan.
E.g
:
I regret not visiting my grandmother.
Syella regretted believing in her
friend.
Regret + To Gerund + artinya merasa menysal / tidak sampai hati
mengatakan,menceritakan, atau menginformasikan berita buruk. Regret + To
Infinitive hanya dengan kata kerja tell,
say dan inform.
E.g
:
I regret to tell that he is death.
Nura regrets to tell that she gets a bad
value.
Try + Gerund artinya
membuat percobaan untuk melihat apakah percobaan itu berhasil atau tidak.
E.g
:
I try watering my flowers
when I notice that they are fading.
My father tried calming a child when he
saw her crying.
Try + To Infinitive artinya berusaha keras
untuk mengatasi sesuatu yang sangat sulit.
E.g
:
Scientists try to discover medicine to
heal patients with aids.
Like + Gerund artinya menikmati (enjoy)
ketika melakukan aktifitas tersebut.
E.g
:
We enjoy studying English.
Don’t you enjoy living with your family ?
Like + Too Infinitive artinya memilih (choose to).
E.g
:
They like to eat porridge.
I
like to buy tomato.
C. The Forms of The Gerund (Bentuk – Bentuk
Gerund)
The Gerund
memiliki empat (4) bentuk.
1. Active Present Gerund (V-ing)
E.g :
John enjoys visiting Borobudur temple.
He is very sorry for disturbing you.
Thank you for meeting me.
2. Passive Present Gerund (Being + V-3)
E.g :
You came without being without.
He needs being loved.
They have done it before being asked.
3. Active Perfect / Past Gerund (Having +
V-3)
Perfect Gerund
digunakan untuk menekankan bahwa kejadian di Gerund sudah sempurna
dilakukan telah selesai sebelum kata
kerja inti (main verb).
E.g :
Dian is afraid oh having left my brother
alone in a big house (Dian benar – benar telah meninggalkan ibunya sendirian)
Afra regretteed having told her
secrets. (Afra telah memberitahu
rahasianya)
4. Passive Perfect / Past Gerund (Having
been + V-3)
E.g :
Did the lawyer deny having been bribed
?
Do you forget having been awarded as the best
graduate last year ?
My friend admitted having been intimidated
Thanks a lot 🙏 btw, were u BEC student? Bcs ur article nearly same with mom atun's book wkwk
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