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Friday 16 November 2018

Participle (Present dan Past Participle) | Arti Macam dan Contoh

THE PARTICIPLE



    Apa sih itu Participle (Present dan Past Participle) ??? apa gunanya dalam sebuah kalimat ?? bagaimana cara membentuknya ? masih bingung atau belum tahu ?? yuk simak pembahasannya berikut ini ..

Participle (Present dan Past Participle) | Arti Macam dan Contoh

                Participle adalah kata kerja yang berakhiran –ing dan –d / ed yang berfungsi sebagai kata kerja atau kata sifat.
      Participle dibagi menjadi dua (2) yaitu Present Participle and Past Participle. Present Participle adalah bentuk kata kerja yang berakhiran –ing, sedangkan Past Participle adalah bentuk kata kerja yang berakhiran –d / -ed dan bentuk kata kerja ketiga (Verb 3) yang tidak beraturan.

         Present Participle and Past Participle bisa berfungsi sebagai  :

1. The verb of the sentence (kata kerja dalam kalimat)
2. The adjective (kata sifat)
3. The adverb (kata keterangan)
4. Present Participle and Past Participle diletakkan setelah kata kerja lain (other verbs) dan ungkapan (expressions)

                A. Participle as the verb of the sentence (kata kerja dalam kalimat)

     Present Participle sebagai kata kerja dalam kalimat bisa dijumpai dalam kalimat yang menggunakan Continous / Progressive Tenses.
E.g :
      I am listening to music.
     Have you been staying there for six months ?
     Were you editing my photo when I came ?
     How long has he been waiting for you ?

     Past Participle sebagai kata kerja dalam kalimat bisa dijumpai dalam kalimat yang menggunakan Perfect Tenses dan Passive voice (kalimat pasif).
E.g :
      I must have helped his unlucky friend.
      Had you moved when I visited your old house ?
      The flowers are watered everyday by me.
      I have had dinner in restaurant.

                B. Participle as the adjective (kata sifat)

The adjective bisa digunakan sebagai the modifier of the noun (penjelas kata benda), the complement of the sentence (pelengkap kalimat) dan dalam bentuk adjective phrases  (frase  yang menjelaskan kata benda).

                1. The adjective berfungsi sebagai penjelas kata benda (the modifier of the noun)
Present Participle dan Past Participle bisa digunakan sebagai penjelas kata benda. Present Participle dan Past Participle menjelaskan sifat (characteristic) benda tersebut dan biasanya merupakan sifat permanen (permanent characteristic).

           Present Participle + The Noun
E.g :
       Chika loves blooming flowers.
       Autumn is often signed by falling leaves.
       Did you get satisfying service ?

    Contoh lain :
- shining hair
developing country
- burning sun
- haunting house
- talking toy
- running text
- flying bird
- challenging game
- embarrasing moment
- boiling water
- fascinating journey
- confusing decision
- glittering snow
- rising star
- sparkling white
- moving objects
- exciting trip
- tiring cup
- disappointing score
- inspiring words
- awakening people
- annoying room
- boring room
- etc...

                Ketika Present Participle digunakan sebagai penjelas kata benda, Present Participle mengandung makna aktif (me / ber) dan juga continous (sedang).

E.g :
      Growing up girl  (gadis yang sedang tumbuh)
      Falling leaves (daun-daun yang sedang berguguran)
      Boiling  water (air yang sedang mendidih)
      Amazing building (bangunan yang menakjubkan)
      Confusing words (kata – kata yang membingungkan)
      Running text (teks yang berjalan)

           Past Participle + The Noun
E.g :
       Who is the wanted girl ?
      He can heal her broken heart.
       Do you like fried rice ?
       I met called man last night.

     Contoh lain :
- fried banana
- roasted meat
- dialled number
- armed civilians
- adopted child
- fallen tree
- disappointed people
- expired date
- hidden camera
- received call
- animated movie
- smoked fish
- naked science
- faded flower
- frigthened face
- lost civilization
- frozen lake
- etc...

                Ketika Past Participle  berfungsi sebagai penjelas kata benda, maka mengandung makna passive meaning (di / ter) atau perfect meaning (sudah / telah).

E.g  :
        Fried rice (nasi yang digoreng).
        Salted egg (telur yang diasinkan).
        Married woman (wanita yang telah menikah).
        Developed country (negara yang telah berkembang).
        Fallen tree (pohon yang telah tumbang).

                2. The adjective berfungsi sebagai pelengkap kalimat (the complement of the sentence)
Present Participle dan Past Participle bisa digunakan sebagai pelengkap kalimat (the complement of the sentence). Ketika Present Participle dan Past Participle digunakan sebagai pelengkap kalimat bisa diletakkan setelah BE / LINKING VERBS.
Present Participle selalu mengandung makna aktif (me / ber) dan Past Participle selalu mengandung makna pasiive (di, ter, ke,...).

     a. Subject + be + Present / Past Participle
E.g :
  Present Participle
      What job is very tiring ?
      Her face is very frightening.
      English was not interesting when  I was in high school.
      Will their performance be entertaining ?
      Your decision was disappointing.
      Is our trip exciting ?

  Past Participle
      He was very shocked when knowing that his mother got an accident.
      Who is very embarrased ?
      Are they pleased to meet you ?
      Is she ashamed ?
      Were they scared last night ?

     b. Subject + Linking Verb + Present / Past Participle
Linking verbs yang biasa diikuti oleh Participle adalah :
                Seem, look, feel, appear, get, become, sound.
E.g :
  Present Participle
      This job looks very tiring.
      The lesson seems boring.
      Do the flowers become fading ?
      The games sound interesting.
      I feel challenging.

  Past Participle
      We have to feel blessed every time.
      I felt lost without you beside me.
      Whose father becomes annoyed ?
      Who appeared confused on the stage ?
      Ayu does not feel insulted but just little offended.

                3.  The adjective dalam bentuk Adjective Phrases.
        A phrase (frase) adalah kumpulan kata yang mempunyai arti. The adjective phrase adalah frase yang menjelaskan / mendiskripsikan kata benda.
The adjective phrase dibentuk dari the adjective clause dengan cara menghilangkan the adjective clause.

                Langkah – langkah untuk menghilangkan the adjective clause menjadi the adjective phrase :
1. Hilangkan Relative Pronoun (khususnya Relative pronoun untuk subject : who, that, which)
2. Ganti kata kerja di adjective clause dengan menggunakan Participle.
    - Present Participle digunakan untuk the adjective clause yang mengandung makna Active (me / ber).
    - Past Participle digunakan untuk the adjective clause yang mengandung makna Passive (di / ter)
E.g :
      The highway that goes to president palace is closed for public.
                                 Adjective clause
       The highway  going to president palace is closed for public.
                                 Adjective phrase

        Winda wanted to buy the gadget which was advertised on a daily newspaper.
                                                                         Adjective clause
        Winda wanted to buy the gadget  advertised on a daily newspaper.
                                                                         Adjective phrase

       The judge who denied being bribed made s press conference to clarify.
                                Adjective clause
       The judge  denying  being bribed made s press conference to clarify.
                                Adjective phrase

       The an old man who can’t walk after getting stroke spends his life on a bed.
                                              Adjective clause
       The an old man not being able to walk after getting stroke spends his life on a bed.
                                           Adjective phrase
               
      Catatan :
               Present Participle dan Past Participle dalam bentuk the adjective phrase tidak digunakan jika the adjective clause nya untuk object (whom,which), possessive (whose), atau keterangan (when, where, why).


                C. Participle after other verbs and expressions.

Present Participle dan Past Participle bisa ditempatkan setelah kata kerja tertentu dan juga ungkapan – ungkapan (expressions).

                1. Participle bisa diletakkan setelah kata kerja indra (the verbs of sensation)
Present Participle dan Past Participle bisa diletakkan setelah kata kerja : see, feel, smell, hear, listen to, look at, watch, observe dan notice.

                Subject + Verbs of sensation + Object + Present / Past Participle.
Present Participle mengandung makna Active (me/ber) sedangkan Past Participle mengandung makna Passive (di/ter).
E.g :
Present Participle
     I can see the pain living in your eyes.
     Do you feel my heart beating ?
     I hear a girl screaming loudly.
     Did you notice a man drawing  ?

Past Participle
     Who used to watch the ships loaded and unloaded ?
     Will you see a house built ?
     They did not hear their name called.
      I don’t want to see you killed.

Catatan :
 The verbs of sensation juga bisa diikuti oleh Bare Infinitive, kecuali feel dan smell.
Bare infinitive setelah the verbs of sensation mengacu seluruh aktivitas dari awal sampai akhir (a whole action) sedangkan Present Participle mengacu sebagian dari kegiatan (a part of the action).
E.g :
      Asri watched his father change the tire of his motorbike.
(Asri berada di dekat ayahnya dari awal sampai selesai).
     Asri watched his father changing the tire of his motorbike.
(Asri berada di dekat ayahnya tapi tidak sampai selesai, hanya melihat sekilas).

                2. Participle after leave, catch, and find.
Present Participle dan Past Participle bisa ditempatkan setelah kata kerja : leave, catch, and find.

                Subject + leave, catch, find + Object + Present / Past Participle
E.g :
       Police caught some teenagers partying drugs and heavy drinks.
       Firsa often leaves her duty un finished.
      A fisherman found a dead body floating in the river.
      An old man has found a baby abandoned in the trash place.

Kata catch dan find juga bisa menunjukkan ketidaksenangan (displeasure)
      Rose caught her fiance making affair with another woman.
      Mona found her roomate reading her diary book.

                3. Participle after sit, stand, lie.
Present Participle dan Past Participle bisa diletakkan setelah kata sit, stand, lie.

                Subject + sit, stand, lie + The expressions of the place + Present / Past Participle
E.g :
      Bea is sitting under the tree reading a novel.
      Klara lay on the couch resting.
     A naughty student had to stand at the corner of the class punished for coming late.
     A criminal sat on the chair interrogated seriously.

                4. Participle after spend and waste.
Present Participle bisa diletakkan setelah kata : spend and waste.

                Subject + spend, waste + The expressions of the time / money + Present / Past Participle
E.g :
       They always spent their free time helping others.
       I will spent my time loving you.
       Sheilla  wants to spent her money  giving free education for the orphans.
       Don’t waste your time hanging out !
       My mother will spent her money buying a new washing machine.

                5. Participle after have and get.
 Present Participle dan Past Participle bisa diletakkan setelah kata : have dan get.
Distruktur kalimat ini Have dan Get memiliki arti Meminta atau Menyuruh.

                Subject + have, get + Object + Present / Past Participle
E.g :
       The song has us crying.
       Riky gets the letter printed.
       I have my dirty clothes washed.
       Have you got the driver driving ?
       I don’t  get my shoes polished.
      Will Neila get her duty done ?
      They get the problem fixed.

                6. Participle after be busy
                Subject  + be / linking verb + busy + Present Participle
E.g :
       Many university graduates are busy finding a good job.
       He is always busy looking for a new girlfriend.
       Are you busy earning money ?
      They look busy working, don’t they ?

                    7. Partiiciple after have a hard / difficult time.
                    Subject + have a hard / difficult time + Present Participle
 E.g :
        Tia had a hard time deciding where to study after her high school.
        Luna has a hard time washing on Sundays.
        He had a difficult time finishing his painting.
        I have a difficult time cooking seblak.

                    D. Participle as the adverb in the adverb phrase

Present Participle dan Past Participle bisa digunakan dalam Adverb (keterangan) dalam bentuk Adverb Phrase.
Present Participle dan Past Participle menunjukkan (mengandung makna) : cause (alasan), result / effect (hasil), manner (cara), condition (syarat) dan menunjukkan waktu seperti before (sebelum), after (setelah), when (ketika), while (sementara/sambil), since (sejak).

                    1. Participle menunjukkan sebab (cause)
E.g :
      Because Fathin does not continue her study at university, Fathin takes a language course.
                Adverbial clause
     Not continuing her study at university, Fathin takes a language course.
               Adverbial phrase

      Since Adnan was not accepted to work abroad, he tried to run his own business.
               Adverbial clause
      Not accepted to work abroad, he tried to run his own business.
               Adverbial phrase

      As Mr. Philip was elected the chairman of the conference, he did not have much time to sleep.
                 Adverbial clause
     Elected the chairman of the conference, he did not have much time to sleep.
               Adverbial phrase


                    2.  Participle menunjukkan hasil (result/efect)
E.g :
       Fatma rode his motorbike quickly, so he got an accident.
                                                            Adverb clause
      Fatma rode his motorbike quickly, getting  an accident.
                                                            Adverb phrase
(Fatma naik motor kencang, sehingga kecelakaan)

      A thief tried to escape from the police, shot on the leg.
(Seorang pencuri mencoba kabur dari polisi sehingga ditembak dikaki)

                    3. Participle menujukkan cara (manner)
E.g :
      Dropping her tears, Anita tries to fool everyone.
(Dengan meneteskan air matanya, Anita mencoba membodohi setiap orang)
     Singing from door to door, that oldman earned money for his living.
     The frighened child entered his first day at school, accompanied by his mother.

                    4. Participle menunjukkan syarat (condition)
E.g :
       Spent wisely, your salary will be enough for your life a month.
(Jika dibelanjakan dengan bijak, gajimu akan cukup untuk biaya hidup sebulan).
      Having enough savings, she will take a tour around the country.
(Jika mempunayi tabungan yang cukup, dia akan bertamasya keliling negara).

                    5. Participle menunjukkan waktu (time)
E.g :
      Taking off his clothes, Jody jumped to the pool for swimming.
(Setelah melepas bajunya, Jody melompat ke kolam untuk berenang).
     Reading the instructions, father turned on his new TV. Or
     Having read the instruction, father turned on his new TV.
     When interviewed for his job, Bily was not very confident.       Or      
     Interviewed for his job, Bily was not very confident.
     Doing some work, she always prays.
(Sebelum mengerjakan sesuatu, dia selalu  berdoa).

                    D. The Forms of The Participle

                    1. Negative Participle
Negative Participle dibentuk dengan menambahkan NOT sebelum Present / Past Participle.
E.g :
      The students not allowed to join a shool tour send a letter of objection to the principal.
      The people not paying the tax on time will be found.

                    2. Passive Present Participle
     Being +Verb-3 (sedang di.....)
E.g :
       The bridge being renovated in my town is closed for motorbikes and cars.
(Jembatan yang sedang diperbaiki di kota saya tertuutup untuk motor dan mobil).
      The article being presented in a student forum tells about the problems of youth.
(Artikel yang sedang dipresentikan di forum, pelajar berbicara tentang masalah pemuda)

                    3. Active Perfect Participle
    Having + Verb-3 (Setelah me / ber...)
E.g :
       Having listened to some speech, the audiences  are entertained with longs and dances.
(Setelah mendengarkan pidato, penonton dihibur dengan lagu dan tarian).

                    4. Passive Perfect Participle
    Having been + Verb-3  (setelah di....)
E.g :
      Having been served lunch, the commttee continued the meeting.
(Setelah disajikan makan siang, panitia melanjutkan pertemuan).
    
     
   
Nah itulah penjelasan mengenai  Pengertian Macam dan Contoh Participle (Present dan Past Participle) ...

         Terima kasih telah berkunjung,     Semoga Bermanfaat : )

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