THE PARTICIPLE
Apa sih itu Participle (Present dan Past Participle) ??? apa gunanya dalam sebuah kalimat ?? bagaimana cara membentuknya ? masih bingung atau belum tahu ?? yuk simak pembahasannya berikut ini ..
Participle
adalah kata kerja yang berakhiran –ing dan –d / ed yang berfungsi
sebagai kata kerja atau kata sifat.
Participle dibagi menjadi dua (2) yaitu Present Participle and Past
Participle. Present Participle adalah bentuk kata kerja yang berakhiran –ing,
sedangkan Past Participle adalah bentuk kata kerja yang berakhiran –d / -ed dan
bentuk kata kerja ketiga (Verb 3) yang tidak beraturan.
Present Participle and Past Participle bisa berfungsi sebagai :
1. The verb of the sentence (kata kerja
dalam kalimat)
2. The adjective (kata sifat)
3. The adverb (kata keterangan)
4. Present Participle and Past Participle
diletakkan setelah kata kerja lain (other verbs) dan ungkapan (expressions)
A.
Participle as the verb of the sentence (kata kerja dalam kalimat)
Present
Participle sebagai kata kerja dalam kalimat bisa dijumpai dalam kalimat yang
menggunakan Continous / Progressive Tenses.
E.g :
I am listening to
music.
Have you
been staying there for six months ?
Were you editing my
photo when I came ?
How long has he
been waiting for you ?
Past Participle
sebagai kata kerja dalam kalimat bisa dijumpai dalam kalimat yang
menggunakan Perfect Tenses dan Passive voice (kalimat
pasif).
E.g :
I must
have helped his unlucky friend.
Had
you moved when I visited your old house ?
The
flowers are watered everyday by me.
I have
had dinner in restaurant.
B.
Participle as the adjective (kata sifat)
The adjective bisa digunakan sebagai the
modifier of the noun (penjelas kata benda), the complement of the sentence
(pelengkap kalimat) dan dalam bentuk adjective phrases (frase yang
menjelaskan kata benda).
1. The adjective berfungsi sebagai penjelas kata benda (the modifier of the
noun)
Present Participle dan Past Participle
bisa digunakan sebagai penjelas kata benda. Present Participle dan Past
Participle menjelaskan sifat (characteristic) benda tersebut dan biasanya
merupakan sifat permanen (permanent characteristic).
Present Participle + The Noun
E.g :
Chika
loves blooming flowers.
Autumn is often signed by falling leaves.
Did
you get satisfying service ?
Contoh lain :
- shining hair
|
- developing country
|
- burning sun
|
- haunting house
|
- talking toy
|
- running text
|
- flying bird
|
- challenging game
|
- embarrasing moment
|
- boiling water
|
- fascinating journey
|
- confusing decision
|
- glittering snow
|
- rising star
|
- sparkling white
|
- moving objects
|
- exciting trip
|
- tiring cup
|
- disappointing score
|
- inspiring words
|
- awakening people
|
- annoying room
|
- boring room
|
- etc...
|
Ketika Present Participle digunakan sebagai penjelas kata benda, Present
Participle mengandung makna aktif (me / ber) dan juga continous (sedang).
E.g :
Growing up
girl (gadis yang sedang tumbuh)
Falling
leaves (daun-daun yang sedang berguguran)
Boiling water (air yang sedang mendidih)
Amazing
building (bangunan yang menakjubkan)
Confusing
words (kata – kata yang membingungkan)
Running
text (teks yang berjalan)
Past Participle + The Noun
E.g :
Who
is the wanted girl ?
He can heal
her broken heart.
Do
you like fried rice ?
I
met called man last night.
Contoh lain :
- fried banana
|
- roasted meat
|
- dialled number
|
- armed civilians
|
- adopted child
|
- fallen tree
|
- disappointed people
|
- expired date
|
- hidden camera
|
- received call
|
- animated movie
|
- smoked fish
|
- naked science
|
- faded flower
|
- frigthened face
|
- lost civilization
|
- frozen lake
|
- etc...
|
Ketika Past Participle berfungsi sebagai penjelas kata benda, maka
mengandung makna passive meaning (di / ter) atau perfect
meaning (sudah / telah).
E.g :
Fried rice (nasi yang digoreng).
Salted egg (telur yang diasinkan).
Married woman (wanita yang telah menikah).
Developed country (negara yang telah berkembang).
Fallen tree (pohon yang telah tumbang).
2. The adjective berfungsi sebagai pelengkap kalimat (the complement of the
sentence)
Present Participle dan Past Participle
bisa digunakan sebagai pelengkap kalimat (the complement of the sentence).
Ketika Present Participle dan Past Participle digunakan sebagai pelengkap
kalimat bisa diletakkan setelah BE / LINKING VERBS.
Present Participle selalu mengandung makna
aktif (me / ber) dan Past Participle selalu mengandung makna pasiive (di, ter,
ke,...).
a.
Subject + be + Present / Past Participle
E.g :
Present Participle
What job is
very tiring ?
Her face is
very frightening.
English was
not interesting when I was in high school.
Will their
performance be entertaining ?
Your
decision was disappointing.
Is our
trip exciting ?
Past Participle
He was
very shocked when knowing that his mother got an accident.
Who is
very embarrased ?
Are
they pleased to meet you ?
Is
she ashamed ?
Were
they scared last night ?
b. Subject +
Linking Verb + Present / Past Participle
Linking verbs yang biasa diikuti oleh
Participle adalah :
Seem,
look, feel, appear, get, become, sound.
E.g :
Present Participle
This job
looks very tiring.
The lesson
seems boring.
Do the flowers
become fading ?
The games
sound interesting.
I
feel challenging.
Past Participle
We have to
feel blessed every time.
I
felt lost without you beside me.
Whose
father becomes annoyed ?
Who
appeared confused on the stage ?
Ayu does
not feel insulted but just little offended.
3. The adjective dalam bentuk Adjective Phrases.
A phrase (frase) adalah kumpulan kata yang mempunyai arti. The adjective
phrase adalah frase yang menjelaskan / mendiskripsikan kata benda.
The adjective phrase dibentuk dari the
adjective clause dengan cara menghilangkan the adjective clause.
Langkah – langkah untuk menghilangkan the adjective clause menjadi the
adjective phrase :
1. Hilangkan Relative Pronoun (khususnya
Relative pronoun untuk subject : who, that, which)
2. Ganti kata kerja di adjective clause
dengan menggunakan Participle.
- Present Participle
digunakan untuk the adjective clause yang mengandung makna Active (me / ber).
- Past Participle
digunakan untuk the adjective clause yang mengandung makna Passive (di / ter)
E.g :
The
highway that goes to president palace is closed for public.
Adjective clause
The
highway going to president palace is closed for
public.
Adjective phrase
Winda wanted to buy the gadget which was advertised on a daily
newspaper.
Adjective clause
Winda wanted to buy the gadget advertised on a daily
newspaper.
Adjective phrase
The
judge who denied being bribed made s press conference to
clarify.
Adjective clause
The
judge denying being bribed made s press
conference to clarify.
Adjective phrase
The
an old man who can’t walk after getting stroke spends his life
on a bed.
Adjective clause
The
an old man not being able to walk after getting stroke spends
his life on a bed.
Adjective phrase
Catatan :
Present Participle dan Past Participle dalam bentuk the adjective phrase tidak
digunakan jika the adjective clause nya untuk object (whom,which),
possessive (whose), atau keterangan (when, where, why).
C.
Participle after other verbs and expressions.
Present Participle dan Past Participle
bisa ditempatkan setelah kata kerja tertentu dan juga ungkapan – ungkapan
(expressions).
1. Participle bisa diletakkan setelah kata kerja indra (the verbs of sensation)
Present Participle dan Past Participle
bisa diletakkan setelah kata kerja : see, feel, smell, hear, listen to,
look at, watch, observe dan notice.
Subject + Verbs of sensation + Object +
Present / Past Participle.
Present Participle mengandung makna Active
(me/ber) sedangkan Past Participle mengandung makna Passive (di/ter).
E.g :
Present Participle
I can see the
pain living in your eyes.
Do you feel my
heart beating ?
I hear a
girl screaming loudly.
Did you notice a
man drawing ?
Past Participle
Who used to watch
the ships loaded and unloaded ?
Will you see a
house built ?
They did not hear
their name called.
I don’t
want to see you killed.
Catatan :
The verbs of sensation juga bisa
diikuti oleh Bare Infinitive, kecuali feel dan smell.
Bare infinitive setelah the verbs of
sensation mengacu seluruh aktivitas dari awal sampai akhir (a whole action)
sedangkan Present Participle mengacu sebagian dari kegiatan (a part of the
action).
E.g :
Asri
watched his father change the tire of his motorbike.
(Asri berada di dekat ayahnya dari awal
sampai selesai).
Asri watched his
father changing the tire of his motorbike.
(Asri berada di dekat ayahnya tapi tidak
sampai selesai, hanya melihat sekilas).
2. Participle after leave, catch, and find.
Present Participle dan Past Participle
bisa ditempatkan setelah kata kerja : leave, catch, and find.
Subject + leave, catch, find + Object +
Present / Past Participle
E.g :
Police caught some teenagers partying drugs and heavy drinks.
Firsa
often leaves her duty un finished.
A fisherman
found a dead body floating in the river.
An old man
has found a baby abandoned in the trash place.
Kata catch dan find juga bisa menunjukkan
ketidaksenangan (displeasure)
Rose caught
her fiance making affair with another woman.
Mona found
her roomate reading her diary book.
3. Participle after sit, stand, lie.
Present Participle dan Past Participle
bisa diletakkan setelah kata sit, stand, lie.
Subject + sit, stand, lie + The expressions
of the place + Present / Past Participle
E.g :
Bea is sitting under the tree reading a
novel.
Klara lay
on the couch resting.
A naughty student
had to stand at the corner of the class punished for coming
late.
A criminal sat on
the chair interrogated seriously.
4. Participle after spend and waste.
Present Participle bisa diletakkan setelah
kata : spend and waste.
Subject + spend, waste + The expressions of
the time / money + Present / Past Participle
E.g :
They always spent their free time
helping others.
I
will spent my time loving you.
Sheilla wants to spent her money
giving free education for the orphans.
Don’t waste your time hanging out !
My
mother will spent her money buying a new washing machine.
5. Participle after have and get.
Present Participle dan Past
Participle bisa diletakkan setelah kata : have dan get.
Distruktur kalimat ini Have dan Get
memiliki arti Meminta atau Menyuruh.
Subject + have, get + Object + Present /
Past Participle
E.g :
The
song has us crying.
Riky gets the letter printed.
I have my dirty clothes washed.
Have
you got the driver driving ?
I
don’t get my shoes polished.
Will
Neila get her duty done ?
They get
the problem fixed.
6. Participle after be busy
Subject + be / linking verb + busy +
Present Participle
E.g :
Many
university graduates are busy finding a good job.
He is
always busy looking for a new girlfriend.
Are
you busy earning money ?
They
look busy working, don’t they ?
7. Partiiciple after have a hard / difficult time.
Subject + have a hard / difficult time +
Present Participle
E.g :
Tia had a hard time deciding where to study after her high
school.
Luna has a hard time washing on Sundays.
He had a difficult time finishing his painting.
I have a difficult time cooking seblak.
D. Participle as the adverb in the adverb phrase
Present Participle dan Past Participle
bisa digunakan dalam Adverb (keterangan) dalam bentuk Adverb Phrase.
Present Participle dan Past Participle
menunjukkan (mengandung makna) : cause (alasan), result / effect (hasil),
manner (cara), condition (syarat) dan menunjukkan waktu seperti before
(sebelum), after (setelah), when (ketika), while (sementara/sambil), since
(sejak).
1. Participle menunjukkan sebab (cause)
E.g :
Because
Fathin does not continue her study at university, Fathin takes a language
course.
Adverbial clause
Not
continuing her study at university, Fathin takes a language course.
Adverbial phrase
Since
Adnan was not accepted to work abroad, he tried to run his own business.
Adverbial clause
Not
accepted to work abroad, he tried to run his own business.
Adverbial phrase
As
Mr. Philip was elected the chairman of the conference, he did not have much
time to sleep.
Adverbial clause
Elected
the chairman of the conference, he did not have much time
to sleep.
Adverbial phrase
2. Participle menunjukkan hasil (result/efect)
E.g :
Fatma
rode his motorbike quickly, so he got an accident.
Adverb clause
Fatma rode
his motorbike quickly, getting an accident.
Adverb phrase
(Fatma naik motor kencang, sehingga
kecelakaan)
A thief
tried to escape from the police, shot on the leg.
(Seorang pencuri mencoba kabur dari polisi
sehingga ditembak dikaki)
3. Participle menujukkan cara (manner)
E.g :
Dropping
her tears, Anita tries to fool everyone.
(Dengan meneteskan air matanya, Anita
mencoba membodohi setiap orang)
Singing from
door to door, that oldman earned money for his living.
The frighened
child entered his first day at school, accompanied by his mother.
4. Participle menunjukkan syarat (condition)
E.g :
Spent
wisely, your salary will be enough for your life a month.
(Jika dibelanjakan dengan bijak, gajimu
akan cukup untuk biaya hidup sebulan).
Having
enough savings, she will take a tour around the country.
(Jika mempunayi tabungan yang cukup, dia
akan bertamasya keliling negara).
5. Participle menunjukkan waktu (time)
E.g :
Taking
off his clothes, Jody jumped to the pool for swimming.
(Setelah melepas bajunya, Jody melompat ke
kolam untuk berenang).
Reading the
instructions, father turned on his new TV. Or
Having
read the instruction, father turned on his new TV.
When interviewed for
his job,
Bily was not very confident. Or
Interviewed
for his job, Bily was not very confident.
Doing
some work, she always prays.
(Sebelum mengerjakan sesuatu, dia selalu
berdoa).
D.
The Forms of The Participle
1. Negative Participle
Negative Participle dibentuk dengan
menambahkan NOT sebelum Present / Past Participle.
E.g :
The
students not allowed to join a shool tour send a letter of
objection to the principal.
The
people not paying the tax on time will be found.
2. Passive Present Participle
Being +Verb-3 (sedang di.....)
E.g :
The
bridge being renovated in my town is closed for motorbikes and
cars.
(Jembatan yang sedang diperbaiki di kota
saya tertuutup untuk motor dan mobil).
The
article being presented in a student forum tells about the
problems of youth.
(Artikel yang sedang dipresentikan di
forum, pelajar berbicara tentang masalah pemuda)
3. Active Perfect Participle
Having + Verb-3 (Setelah me / ber...)
E.g :
Having listened to
some speech, the audiences are entertained with longs and dances.
(Setelah mendengarkan pidato, penonton
dihibur dengan lagu dan tarian).
4. Passive Perfect Participle
Having been + Verb-3 (setelah di....)
E.g :
Having been
served lunch,
the commttee continued the meeting.
(Setelah disajikan makan siang, panitia
melanjutkan pertemuan).
Nah itulah penjelasan mengenai Pengertian Macam dan Contoh Participle (Present dan Past Participle) ...
Terima kasih telah berkunjung, Semoga Bermanfaat : )
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