The Keys of The Gerund
Apa sih itu The Keys of The Gerund ( Penempatan / Peletakkan Gerund ) ?? apa ya fungsinya ?? belum tahu atau masih bingung ?? yuk simak pembahasannya berikut ini ...
1. Gerund diletakkan setelah kata sifat.
Dalam hal ini hanyalah kata sifat yang bisa berfungsi sebagai penjelas (modifier) dan the gerund adalah kata benda yang diterangkan (head).
E.g ( contoh ) :
- Can we stop the cases of illegal loggings ?
- What causes a global warming ?
- My mother cooked delicious cookings.
- That movie doesn't have a happy ending.
2. Gerund diletakkan setelah Possessive Adjective atau Genitive
E.g ( contoh ) :
- I like my mother's cooking.
- I have finished my writing.
- Your thinking becomes idol.
- We love your leading.
E.g ( contoh ) :
- I like my mother's cooking.
- I have finished my writing.
- Your thinking becomes idol.
- We love your leading.
3. Gerund after Idiomatic Expressions
Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada sejumlah frase yang harus diikuti dengan VERB-ING (The Gerund). Contoh – contoh Idiomatic Expressions yang diikuti The Grund adalah :
a. There / It is no use + Gerund “Tak ada gunanya”
E.g ( contoh ) :
There is no use waiting for you.
It is much use reviewing the lesson that we have studied.
Is it / there any use playing game ?
b. There / It is no good + Gerund “Tak ada bagus / baiknya”
E.g ( contoh ) :
It is much good helping each other.
There is no good telling a lie.
Is it / there any use cheating in a test ?
c. There / It is no fun + Gerund “Tak ada senangnya”
E.g ( contoh ) :
It is no fun being lied.
Is it / there any fun hiking with some friends ?
There is much fun meeting my favorite actor.
d. There / It is no harm in + Gerund “Tak ada salahya”
E.g ( contoh ) :
Is it / there any harm in marrying a widow ?
There is no harm in asking for some help.
There is much harm in making affair.
e. There / It is no point in + Gerund “Tak ada nilai / harganya”
E.g ( contoh ) :
Is there / it any point in believing in you ?
There is much point in helping the poor.
It is no point in reminding a stubborn person.
f. It is worth + Gerund “berguna / bermanfaat penting”
E.g ( contoh ) :
Is it worth abusing drugs ?
It is worth taking a bath early in the morning.
Catatan :
Subject + be + worth + Gerund
The gerund dalam struktur ini harus diterjemahkan ke dalam arti pasif, dan kata “worth” bermaknalayak / pantas.
No one is worth insulting. (tak seorangpun pantas dihina)
This food is not worth eating anymore (makanan ini tidak layak dimakan lagi)
She is worth loving (dia layak dicintai)
If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well (English saying – Jika sesuatu layak dikerjakan maka itu layak dilakukan dengan baik)
g. Can’t stand + Gerund “Tidak tahan” (=can’t bear / endure)
E.g ( contoh ) :
Can you stand being forced ?
Salsa can’t stand living in a small house.
I can’t stand being led by him.
h. Can’t help + Gerund “Tidak bisa menghindar” (=can’t avoid / prevent)
E.g ( contoh ) :
Can he help staying in a boarding house ?
Adi can’t help earning money for his family after his father is death.
i. Go + Gerund “Pergi ....”
Go + Gerund digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan rekreasi (recreational acivity)
E.g ( contoh ) :
They went shopping yesterday.
Will we go jogging tomorrow ?
Risma has gone snorkelling in Banda sea
j. Would you mind + Gerund “Apakah anda keberatan ....”
Idiomatic Expression “Would you mind” digunakan untuk meminta seseorang melakuka sesuatu
E.g ( contoh ) :
Would you mind picking me up later ?
Would you mind listening to my explanation ?
4. Gerund after Number (cardinal, ordinal, fraction)
E.g ( contoh ) :
I have to finish three paintings.
It is my one third writing.
It was Mela’s first dating.
5. Gerund after Time
E.g ( contoh ) :
I will be absent on Mondays meeting.
Where will the annual meeting be held ?
6. Gerund after Demonstrative and Question Words
E.g ( contoh ) :
Whose teaching do you like ?
This building is the highest.
What drawing is she making now ?
7. Gerund after Prepositions
Prepositions (kata depan) dalam bahasa Inggris dikelompokkan menjadi dua (2) yaitu :
a. Free Prepositions
Free Prepositions diantaranya : for, with, without, by, besides, from, in, after, before....etc
E.g ( contoh ) :
This knife is for carving fruits.
Save us from doing bad things!
I forget my problems by swimming.
b. Bound Prepositions (kata depan terikat)
- Adjective + Preposition + Gerund
E.g ( contoh ) :
She is sorry for not helping us.
I am sick of doing what he wants.
They are good at memorizing vocabularies.
Contoh Adjective + Prepositions :
Be responsible for
|
Be tired of
|
Be fond of
|
Be interested in
|
Be ashamed of
|
Be successful in
|
Be better of
|
Be accustomed to
|
Be sick of (annoyed)
|
Be sick about (unhappy)
|
Be skilled /skillful at
|
Be keen on
|
Be afraid of
|
Be capable of
|
Be clever at
|
Be scared of
|
Be used to
|
Be suspected of
|
Be good at
|
Be bad at
|
Be embrassed about
|
Be sick for
|
Be opposed to
|
Etc ....
|
- Noun + Preposition + Gerund
E.g ( contoh ) :
I have no chance of meeting you.
He has experience in persuading girls.
We got difficulty in solving our problems.
Contoh Noun + Prepositions :
Meaning of
|
Offer of
|
Opportunity of
|
Habit of
|
Danger of
|
Shame in
|
Importance of
|
Objection to
|
Reason for
|
Difficulty in
|
Surprise at
|
Skill at
|
Method of / for
|
Thought of
|
Chance of
|
Success in
|
Fear of
|
Interest in
|
Apology for
|
Excuse for
|
Right of
|
Intention of
|
Thanks for
|
Way of
|
Hope of / for
|
Means of
|
Capability of
|
Necessity of
|
Honor of
|
Experience in
|
Process of
|
Etc...
|
- Verb + Preposition + Gerund
E.g ( contoh ) :
We wil not give up reaching our dreams.
I dreamt of going out with my friends.
My fathers insists on having holiday in Rembang.
Contoh Verb + Prepositions :
Insist on
|
= bersikeras
|
Die of
|
= mati karena
|
Assist in
|
= membantu
|
Object to
|
= keberatan
|
Succed in
|
= berhasil
|
Put off
|
= menunda
|
Confess to
|
= mengakui
|
Approve of
|
= menyetujui
|
Disapprove of
|
= tidak menyetujui
|
Depend on / Rely on
|
= mengandalkan
|
Dream of
|
= membayangkan
|
Dream about
|
= bermimpi tentang
|
Give up
|
= menyerah
|
Look forward to
|
= menunggu dengan penuh harap
|
Go on
|
= melanjutkan
|
Keep on
|
= melanjutkan
|
Fine + object + for
|
= meminta maaf atas
|
Forgive + object + for
|
= memaafkan
|
Apologize to + object + for
|
= meminta maaf atas
|
Stop + object + from
|
= menghentikan.....dari
|
Prevent + object + for
|
= mencegah .... dari
|
Thank + object + for
|
= berterima kasih
|
Accuse + object + of
|
= menuduh
|
Suspect + object + of
|
= mencurigai / menyangka
|
8. Gerund after Other Verbs
Kata kerja (verbs) yang diikuti gerud di bagi menjadi 4 yaitu :
a. Kata kerja need, want, require, deserve jika diikuti gerund, maka gerund diartikan pasif(di/ter).
Need = perlu
Want = ingin
Require = perlu
Deserve = pantas / layak
E.g ( contoh ) ::
The flowers are faded. They need watering. (disiram)
Does your question need answering fast ? (dijawab)
My phone requires repairing. (diperbaiki)
b. Kata kerja yng diikuti gerund dn gerund bermakna aktif.
Kata kerja itu adalah :
Deny
|
= menyangkal
|
Avoid
|
= menghindar
|
Enjoy
|
= menikmati
|
Love
|
= mencintai
|
Start
|
= mulai
|
Appreciate
|
= menghargai
|
Delay
|
= menunda
|
Try
|
= mencoba
|
Finish
|
= menyelesaikan
|
Imagine
|
= membayangkan
|
Fancy
|
= menyukai
|
Discuss
|
= membicarakan
|
Postpone
|
= menunda
|
Practice
|
= berlatih
|
Recall
|
= mengingat
|
Report
|
= melaporkan
|
Like
|
= suka
|
Complete
|
= melengkapi
|
Hate
|
= benci
|
Miss
|
= merindukan
|
Admit
|
= mengakui
|
Continue
|
= melanjutkan
|
Keep
|
= terus
|
Begin
|
= mulai
|
Resent
|
= merasa dongkol
|
Anticpate
|
= mengantisipasi
|
Regret
|
= menyesal
|
Detest
|
= benci
|
Quit
|
= menyerah
|
Risk
|
= berisiko
|
Dread
|
= takut
|
Understand
|
= memahami
|
Prefer
|
= lebih suka
|
Prevent
|
= mencegah
|
Recommend
|
= mengusulkan
|
Tolerate
|
= memperbolehkan
|
Dislike
|
= tidak suka
|
Mention
|
= menyebutkan
|
Suggest
|
= menyarankan
|
Mind
|
= keberatan
|
E.g ( contoh ) ::
Do you imagine fighting with hiim ?
Would you mind taking e up ?
I enjoy watching movie.
Untuk gerund yang mengandung makna pasif harus menggunakan Passive Gerund (being + verb 3)
E.g ( contoh ) :
My principal denied being bribed (disuap)
We dislike being blamed. (dicaci)
c. Kata kerja yang bisa diikuti oleh the gerund dan to infinitive yang tidak memiliki perbedaan arti (no different meaning)
Kata kerja itu adalah :
- Continue - Prefer
- Start - Begin
- Love - Hate
- Discontinue - Can’t stand
- Can’t bear
E.g ( contoh ) :
They can continue doing / to do their homework.
It begins raining / to rain.
I will start cooking / to cook.
Catatan :
Jika kata kerja pertama (main verb) sudah berbentuk continous / progressive tenses, maka kata erja kedua harus berbentuk To Infinitive bukan Gerund.
E.g ( contoh ) :
It is beginning to rain / raining.
They are starting to do / doing their homework.
d. Kata kerja yang bisa diikuti the gerund dan to infinitive tapi memiliki perbedaan arti (different meaning)
Kata kerja itu adalah :
- Forget - Stop
- Go on - Try
- Remember - Like
- Regret
Forget + Gerund artinya lupa dengan apa yang telah terjadi / dilakukan.
E.g ( contoh ) ::
I forgot washing my hand (artinya saya lupa bahwa saya sudah membasuh tangan)
Grandmother forgets having breakfast (Nenek lupa sudah sarapan pagi)
Forget + To Infinitive artinya lupa apa yang telah.
E.g ( contoh ) :
I forgot to wash my hand (Saya lupa untuk membasuh tangan)
Grandmother forgets to have breakfast (Nenek lupa untuk sarapan pagi)
Remember + Gerund artinya ingat dengan apa yang telah dilakukan / terjadi.
E.g ( contoh ) :
I remembered washing my hand. ( Saya ingat apa yang telah dilakukan yaitu membasuh tangan saya)
Grandmother remembered having lunch (Nenek ingat apa yang telah dilakukan yaitu sarapan)
Remember + To Infinitive artinya ingat apa yang harus dilakukan / terjadi.
E.g ( contoh ) :
I remembered to wash my hand. (Saya ingat apa yang harus dilakukan yaitu membasuh tangan)
Grandmother remembered to have lunch (Nenek ingat apa yang dilakukan dilakukan yaitu sarapan)
Stop + Gerund artinya menghentikan apa yang dilakukan / terjadi.
E.g ( contoh ) :
Linda stopped watching movie (Linda berhenti menonton film)
We stop working at 4 p.m (Kita berhenti bekerja jam 4 sore)
Stop + To Infinitive artinya berhenti karena harus melakukan sesuatu atau berhenti karena ingin melakukan sesuatu.
E.g ( contoh ) :
Laura stopped to have lunch (Laura berhenti karena ingin makan siang)
My sister has stopped to make breakfast (Kakakku berhenti untuk membuat sarapan)
Go on + Gerund artinya melanjutkan apa yang sedang dilakukan atau terjadi.
E.g ( contoh ) :
I go on helping my mother.
I go on helping my mother.
Does she go on dancing ?
They will go on teaching.
Go on + To Infinitive artinya melanjutkan atau berpindah ke sesuatu yang baru.
E.g ( contoh ) :
My teacher goes on to attend a meeting.
Did you go on to mop the floor ?
Regret + Gerund + artinya menyesali apa yang telah terjadi / dilakukan.
E.g ( contoh ) :
I regret not visiting my grandmother.
Syella regretted believing in her friend.
Regret + To Gerund + artinya merasa menysal / tidak sampai hati mengatakan,menceritakan, atau menginformasikan berita buruk. Regret + To Infinitive hanya dengan kata kerja tell, say dan inform.
E.g ( contoh ) :
I regret to tell that he is death.
Nura regrets to tell that she gets a bad value.
Try + Gerund artinya membuat percobaan untuk melihat apakah percobaan itu berhasil atau tidak.
E.g ( contoh ) :
I try watering my flowers when I notice that they are fading.
My father tried calming a child when he saw her crying.
Try + To Infinitive artinya berusaha keras untuk mengatasi sesuatu yang sangat sulit.
E.g ( contoh ) :
Scientists try to discover medicine to heal patients with aids.
Like + Gerund artinya menikmati (enjoy) ketika melakukan aktifitas tersebut.
E.g ( contoh ) :
We enjoy studying English.
Don’t you enjoy living with your family ?
Like + Too Infinitive artinya memilih (choose to).
E.g ( contoh ) :
They like to eat porridge.
I like to buy tomato.
Nah itulah penjelasan mengenai Penempatan / Peletakkan Gerund ( The Keys of The Gerund ) ....
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