Letak Kata Keterangan (Adverb) dalam kalimat

Letak Kata Keterangan (Adverb) dalam kalimat

        

       Masalah yang sering kita jumpai tentang adverb ( kata keterangan ) mungkin adalah penempatannya, kadang kita bingung untuk menempatkan adverb, apakah itu di depan, di belakang atau di tengah. Nah, ada aturannya sendiri lohh. yuk langsung saja baca dan nambah ilmu ....

                Penempatan kata keterangan ( adverb ) dalam suatu kalimat pada umumnya menggunakan pola sebagai berikut :

  1. Dalam keadaan biasa, kata keterangan disusun dalam urutan Adverb of Place or Direction, Adverb of Frequency, Adverb of Time (A.of P or D, A.of F, A.of T)

      e.g ( contoh ) :

                1. I have been to London several times this year.

                2. He walks round the park twice before supper.

                3. She gave lectures at the college three days a week last year.

  2. Dalam keadaan biasa, kata keterangan (adverb) disusun dalam urutan Adverb of Manner, Place and Time.

      e.g ( contoh ) :

                1. Alfiah studies seriously at school every day.

                2. Azka ate food greedily at home this morning.

                3. My elder brother worked hard at the office yesterday.

  3. Adverb of Frequency menempati posisi setelah kata kerja bantu (Auxiliary Verb atau Modal), bila dalam kalimat ada kata kerja bantunya

        e.g ( contoh ) :

                1. I have almost finished working.

                2. They did not even try to help.

                3. She has just taken a nap.

                4. He has already come.

  4. Bila terdapat ‘verb of movement’ atau kata kerja yang menunjukkan gerak atau perpindahan, maka di belakangnya langsung diikuti ‘adverb of place’ yang seolah – olah berfungsi sebagai obyek tujuan. Kata kerja tersebut misalnya : go, move, visit, come, run, walk, jump, travel, dan lain sebagainya.

      e.g ( contoh ) :

                1. He will go to Bali by plane.

                2. She drives her car slowly to the village.

                3. We finally arrived home after spending the whole night on the road.

  5. Bila dalam sebuah kalimat terdapat beberapa keterangan yang sejenis, maka kata keterangan tersebut, disusun mulai dari urutan yang terkecil. Namun pola – pola tersebut di atas tetap di pakai (nomor 1 – 4).

      e.g ( contoh ) :

                He visited the hospital in Jl. Jend. Sudirman, on foot, reluctanly, at 9 o’clock last Sunday.

  6. Beberapa jenis adverb tertentu dapat menempati diletakkan pada tiga posisi dalam suatu kalimat, di awal, di tengah di akhir kalimat, namun ada pula beberapa adverb yang hanya dapat menempati pada satu atau dua posisi tertentu dalam suatu kalimat.

                Diagram berikut ini adalah ringkasan mengenai posisi yang paling umum maupun yang kurang umum untuk berbagai jenis Adverb dalam suatu kalimat.

Type of Adverb	Most Usually Position	Other Possible positions
Adverb of Manner	Final position : The army advanced toward the enemy slowly and silently. Hard, fast, well, slow, nicely, badly, poorly are used only in end position.	Middle position (mostly for one word adverbs) :    The army slowly and silently advanced toward the enemy. Initial position (for emphasis, often has a more literary tone) :    Slowly and silently the army advanced toward the enemy.
Adverb of Place and Direction	Final position : Go home (or there, here, away, inside, etc)	Initial position occasionally used. In such cases the word order is often reserved : There sat a mean-looking man.
Adverb of Time A. Definite Time	Final position : We submitted the report to the committee yesterday.	Initial position : Yesterday we submitted the report to the committee.   Middle position is rare for definite time : We have today sent the books you requested.
B. Indefinite Time   1. Adverb like soon, recently   2. Adverb of Sequence   3. Adverb of Frequency	Middle position : We soon found our mistake.   Initial position : Next, we take up the use of adverbs   Middle position : They often (or sometimes) have trouble with the television set.   Always and never appear mostly in middle position : He always (or never) does his work well.    Never is not used in final position, always and somestimes appear there.   Always does not usually occur in initial position.   Never is occasionally found there; in such a case a revelsal of word order is required : Never has he done such  thing before.	Initial position : Soon we found our mistake.   Final position : We found our mistake soon.   Middle position : We next take up the use of adverbs.    Final position : We take up the use of adverbs next.   Initial position : Often (or sometimes) they have trouble with the television set.    Final position : They have trouble with the television set often (orsometimes)   (only if the sentence or clause is short)       Middle position is rare for word groups such as many times, once  or twice.
Intensifying adverb A. Adverb of Degree B. Distinguishing adverbs	Position preceding the word being intensified : The weather is very hot this summer. They have completely won our hearts.   Position preceding the word or structure being emphasized : Only Mary passed in Greek. Mary passed only in Greek. You can only guess my anguish.	Adverbs of degree used with verbs may occur in final position. They have won our hearts completely.   Distinguishing adverb may follow nouns or pronouns : Mary only passed in Greek. Mary passed in Greek only.    Alone is used after a noun or pronoun. He alone is responsible for that job.
Sentence adverb	Initial position : Obviously they will not finish on time.	Middle position : They obviously will not finish on time.    Final position (only if the sentence or clause is short) : They will not finish on time, obviously.
Cojunctive adverb	Initial position : I have a great deal of work to do. Therefore I must go to the office on Sunday.    Middle position : I have a great deal of work to do. I must therefore go to the office on Sunday.	Final position (only if the sentence or clause is short) : He quits his job. He needs to look for work therefore.

                Beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan dengan masalah Adverb :

1. Sering kali adjective dapat dibentuk dengan menambahkan –ly pada kata sifat (adjective).

                e.g ( contoh ) :

                1. quick = adjective         quickly = adverb

                   - She is a quick worker.               (adjective)

                      (Dia adalah pekerja yang cepat)

                   - She works quickly.     (adverb)

                     (Dia bekerja dengan cepat)

                2. careful = adjective      carefully = adverb

                   - She is a carefull driver.             (adjective)

                    (Dia adalah pengemudi yang berhati – hati)

                   - She drives carefully.  (adverb)

                     (Dia mengemudikan (mobil) dengan hati  -  hati).

2. Ada beberapa adjective yang sama bentuknya dengan adverb, maka kita hanya dapat membedakan antara keduanya dengan mengetahui fungsi dari kata – kata tersebut dalam kalimat.

    Adjective         He is a fast runner.

                                I am quite well.

                                The stone is hard.

   Adverb              He run fast.

                                She speaks English well.

                                He works hard.

                Adverb  adalah kata yang menerangkan kata kerja (verb).

Adjective adalah kata yang menjelaskan keadaan noun (kata benda) atau pronoun.

                               

    Nah, itulah pembahasan mengenai Letak Kata Keterangan (Adverb) dalam kalimat ...

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