Agreement antara Pronoun dan Antecedent
Pernah mendengar tentang agreement antara pronoun ( kata ganti ) dan antecedent sebelumnya ?? seperti apa ya aturannya ?? apakah penting untuk mengetahuinya ?? yuk langsung saja baca dan nambah ilmu ...
Untuk mempermudah memahami penjelasan
yang akan dibahas selanjutnya, terlebih dahulu harus memahami beberapa istilah
yang berkaitan.
1. Antecedent adalah kata yang diacu ( tempat
kembali ) atau ditunjuk oleh pronoun.
e.g ( contoh ) :
1. I read a book. It was
interesting.
( pronoun it mengacu kepada noun yaitu a
book, maka a book disebut antecedent dari it ).
2. Fatimah attends her
class reunion.
( Fatimah
adalah antecedent dari her ).
3. Budi was here yesterday, but today he isn’t.
( Budi
adalah antecedent dari he ).
4. Billa is one of my students.
They are helping me paint my house.
Billa is
one of my students who is helping
me paint my house.
( One
of my students adalah antecedent dari relative pronoun ‘who’ ).
2. Gender
adalah jenis (kelas) dari noun atau pronoun yang menunjukkan jenis kelamin.
Noun atau pronoun dapat menunjukkan jenis kelamin jantan (masculine gender),
perempuan (feminine gender), tidak berkelamin
(neuter gender), atau yang bisa berkelamin jantan dan perempuan (common
gender).
Berikut ini beberapa contoh ke-4
acam gender tersebut :
Masculine
gender
Feminine
gender
Common gender
Neuter gender
|
: he, him,
himsefl, father, David, Ahmad, etc.
: sister,
mother, she, her, herself, Maria, Sofia, etc.
: child,
adult, cousin, neighbor, student, etc.
: table,
door, book, house, etc
|
a.
Agreement in Number
Jika antecedent singular, maka pronoun-nya
harus singular juga, dan jika
antecedent-nya plural (jamak), maka pronoun0nya harus plural (jamak).
e.g ( contoh ) :
1. The men bred their white cat.
Dalam kalimat ini pronoun jamak (their), menunjuk (sesuai) dengan antecedent yang
jamak (men), yang bentuk tunggalnya
man.
2. Each man gets to heaven in his way.
Pronoun singular (his) menunjuk (sesuai) dengan antecedent yang singular (man)
3. The jury
were devided. It was unable to bring in a verdict. (salah)
The jury were devided. They were unable
to bring in a verdict (benar)
Karena the jury adalah plural antecedent yang
ditunjuk oleh were, maka they (bukan it) adalah pronoun yang
tepat.
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b. Agreement in Gender
Pronoun – personal pronoun harus sesuai
dalam gender (masculine, feminine, neuter, common) dengan antecedent-nya.
e.g ( contoh ) :
1. The man has done his duty.
His
(masculine gender) sesuai dengan antecedent-nya yaitu man (masculine gender).
2. The woman has finished her homework.
Her
(feminine) sesuai dengan gender antecedent-nya yaitu woman.
3. The child has finished its duty.
4. The cat ate its meal.
|
Catatan :
Gender yang neuter (netral) it
atau its dapat menunjukkan pada binatang, anak kecil, orang tua dan sebagainya
(pronoun yang tidak jelas gender-nya).
c. Agrement in Person
Pronoun harus sesuai dalam person (orang
pertama, orang kedua atau orang ketiga) dengan antecedent-nya.
e.g ( contoh ) :
1. We are not taechers, but one must teach our chilldren
discipline. (salah)
We
are not taechers, but we must teach
our chilldren discipline. (benar)
Karena pronoun we (orang pertama, jamak) sesuai dengan antecedent we (orang pertama, jamak)
2. Some students study hard because they want to pass the final exam.
3. When one pays attention, he (or one) learns better.
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Sebagai pelengkap penjelas tentang number,
person dan gender, perhatikan contoh berikut :
SALAH
|
BENAR
|
- A leader
expects every man to do her duty.
(Salah dalam gender, pronoun man tidak sesuai dengan antecedent her).
- A leader
expects every man to do your duty.
(Salah dalam person).
- A leader
expects every man to do their duty.
(Salah dalam number, man adalah pronoun singular, tidak sesuai dengan antecedent-nya
yang jamak, their)
|
- A leader
expects every man to do his duty.
Pronun his sesuai dengan antecedent-nya yaitu man, noun man adalah
singular dalam number dan masculine dalam gender. Oleh karena itu, pronoun
yang menunjukkan pada man telah
sesuai dengan kaidah tersebut diatas.
|
Perhatikan juga aturan – aturan
berikut ini :
1. Apabila 2
antecedent atau lebih, dihubungkan dengan ‘and’, maka harus ditunjukkan dengan
plural noun.
e.g ( contoh ) :
1. John and Bob did their work.
2. The beautiful and damned
have their
place in fiction.
3. Amri and Amir have just moved
their lawn.
4. The boys and girls asked us
to repeat what we had said to them.
2. Apabila
indefinitive pronoun digunakan sebagai antecedent, maka pronoun-nya harus
sesuai dalam number.
a. Indefinitive pronoun berikut
adalah singular, maka jika digunakan sebagai antecedent, mereka memakai
singular pronoun.
Another
Anybody
Anyone
Anything
Each
|
Either
Everybody
Everyone
Everything
It
|
Much
Neither
Nobody
No one
Nothing
|
One
Somebody
Someone
Something
|
e.g ( contoh ) :
1. Each of the boys did his home
work. (bukan their homework).
2. The school will accept anyone if he / she seems worthly.
3. Neither of our products is selling at its best.
4.
One likes to do what he or she can do well.
b.
Indefinite pronoun berikut ini adalah plural, maka jika digunakan sebagai
antecedent, mereka memerlukan plural pronoun.
both few many others several
|
e.g ( contoh ) :
1. Many people enjoy their
vacation in Tawang Mangu.
2. Both of the aplicants are worhtly, at least on their resumes.
3. Few can remember when they
were two years old.
4. Several found their cars
unlocked.
5. Others found their
friends in the balcony.
c. Indefinite pronoun berikut
ini bila digunakan sebagai antecedent, mungkin dapat berarti singular atau
plural tergantung pada arti yang dimaksudkan,
maka pronoun –nya harus sesuai dengan arti yang dimaksudkan.
all any more most none some
|
e.g ( contoh ) :
1. Do any of the men have their
membership cards ? (plural)
2. Are any of them here today
? (plural)
3. All in the crowd showed their
approval. (plural)
4. All the money is in its
proper place. (singular)
5. Some of the candy has lost
its flavor. (singular)
3. Apabila
collective noun menjadi antecedent, maka ditunjukkan dengan singular pronoun,
jika yang dimaksudkan singular, dan ditunjukkan dengan plural noun, jika yang
dimaksud plural.
Audience
Class
Committee
|
Couple
Crowd
Group
|
Family
Government
Team
|
Public
Jury
Army, etc.
|
e.g ( contoh ) :
1. The jury gave its verdict.
(yang dimaksud singular).
2. The jury gave their verdict.
(yang dimaksud plural, berarti masing -
masing anggota dari tim juri tersebut).
3. An army marches againts its
enemy. (singular)
4. The committee meets for its final session next week. (singular)
5. The committee are arguing among themselves.
(plural)
6. The class nominated its
officers by secret ballot. (singular)
7. The class took their seats
promptly. (plural)
Catatan :
Dalam American English lebih
sering menggunakan singular verb untuk collective noun di atas, sedangkan
British English sebaliknya.
American English : The government is
planning many changes.
British English : The government are
planning many changes.
4. Apabila
salah satu antecedent dihubungkan dengan :
Neither ......or........
Either .........or........
Or..........atau nor ........
Maka :
a. Bila antecedent yang terdekat
dengan verb adalah singular, maka pronoun-nya juga singular.
e.g ( contoh ) :
1. Neither Ali nor Fatimah has just moved her lawn.
2. Either my sister or John
has taken his exam.
b. Bila antecedent yang terdekat
dengan verb adalah plural, maka pronoun-nya juga plural.
e.g :
1. Neither Ali nor Fatimah’s children has just moved their lawn.
2. Either Udin or his
siters will get their wish.
3. Neither John or my brothers have taken their exam.
5. Apabila kita
ingin menentukan antecedent yang sesungguhnya dalam sebuah kalimat yangada kata
– kata (phrase, appositive, atau clause),
maka kita tidak usah memperhatikan kata – kata tersebut. Anggaplah
phrase atau appositive tersebut tidak ada.
e.g ( contoh ) :
1. Mary along
with the two others, studied her
piano lesson.
Mary........, studied her piano lesson.
Dalam hal ini, along with the two others,
dianggap tidak ada.
2. Irma, and
not her nephews, is on her way here
now.
Irma .............., is on her way here now.
3. Each of
our nearest neighbor has a van in his drive
way.
4. Jalal, the
regional director of Wijaya kontraktor, has his ofice in Yogyakarta.
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6. Subyek dari
relative clause : who, which atau that, dapat berbentuk plural atau singular tergatung
pada antecedent-nya.
e.g ( contoh ) :
1. The people elect their representatives
who speak for them in congress.
(
representatives = antecedent )
(
who =
subject )
( speak = verb )
2. Umar is one of my friends who are
helping me paint my house.
(
my friends = antecedent )
(
who = subject )
( are helping = verb )
3. Umar is the only my friends who is helping me
paint my house.
(
one = antecedent )
(
who = subject )
( is helping = verb )
Nah, itulah pembahasan mengenai Agreement antara Pronoun dan Antecedent | Pronoun Antecedent Agreements ........
Terima kasih telah berkunjung, semoga bermanfaat : )
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