Direct Indirect Speech (Kalimat Langsung dan Tidak
langsung)
Apa sih itu Direct Indirect Speech (Kalimat Langsung dan Tidak langsung) ?? Bagaimana cara membuatnya ?? masih bingung ?? Yuk simak pembahasannya ...
The Quoted / Direct Speech adalah kalimat yang diucapkan sama
persis oleh pembicara.
The Reported / Indirect speech adalah kalimat yang
dilaporkan oleh orang lain dan diceritakan dengan cara lain tanpa mengubah
makna atau arti.
Aturan dalam mengubah kalimat Direct ke
kalimat Indirect :
Aturan 1
-
Jika induk kalimat dalam Direct Speech (kalimat langsung) berupa Present
Tenses, maka tenses dan keterangan tempat dalam Indirect Speevh (kalimat tidak
langsung) tidak mengalami perubahan, yang berubah hanya Pronoun (kata ganti)
nya saja.
E.g ( contoh ) :
Direct : Lisa says, "
I am at home".
Indirect : Lisa says that she is at
home.
Direct : My mother is
asking me, " Where will you go ?".
Indirect : My mother is asking me
where I will go.
Aturan 2
- Jika
induk kalimat direct speech berupa Past Tenses, maka tenses dan keterangan
waktu atau tempat dalam Indirect Speech mengalami perubahan . Perubahan itu
mengikuti aturan perubahan tenses.
E.g ( contoh ) :
Direct : Boy told me,
"You have to do it tomorrow".
Indirect : Boy told me that I had
to do it the following day.
Direct : He asked you,
" What did you do last night ?"
Indirect : He asked you what you
had done the previous night.
Aturan 3
- Orang pertama
(yang berbicara) dalam Indirect Speech kembali ke Subject induk dalam kalimat
Indirect Speech.
E.g ( contoh ) :
Direct : Naura tells us,
" I like swimming".
Indirect : Naura tells us that she
likes swimming.
Aturan 4
- Orang kedua (orang
yang diajak bicara) dalam Direct Speech kembali ke Object induk kalimat dalam
Indirect Speech.
E.g ( contoh ) :
Direct : Joy told us, " I
don't agree with you".
Indirect : Joy told us that he didn't
agree with us.
Aturan 5
- Orang ketiga (orang
yang dibicarakan) dalam Direct Speech tidak berubah dalam Indirect Speech.
E.g ( contoh ) :
Direct : Laila said to us, "
Winda will not go with me."
Indirect : Laila said to us that Winda
would not go with her.
Aturan perubahan tenses dari Direct ke Indirect (apabila induk kalimat
berupa Past Tenses)
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
- Simple Present
- Simple Past
- Present Continous
- Past Continous
- Present Perfect
- Past Perfect
- Present Perfect Continous
- Past Perfect
Continous
- Simple Past
-
Past Perfect
- Past Continous
- Past Perfect Continous
- Past Perfect
- Past Perfect
- Past Perfect Continous
- Past Perfect Continous
- Simple Future
- Simple Past Future
- Future Continous
- Past Future Continous
- Future Perfect
- Past Future Perfect
- Future Perfect Continous
- Past Future Perfect Continous
- Simple Past Future
- Past Future Perfect
- Past Future Continous
- Past Future Perfect Continous
- Past Future Perfect
- Past Future Perfect
- Past Future Perfect
Continous - Past Future Perfect Continous
MODAL
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
May
Might
Can
Could
Must
Had to
Have to / Hast t
Had to
Will / Shall
Would / Should
Could
Could have
Might
Might have
Should / Would Should / Would have
Aturan perubahan keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverb)
Direct
Speech
Indirect Speech
- Now
- Then
- Yesterday
- The day before / the previous day
- Last
week
- The week before
- Last Sunday
- The Sunday before
- Two days
ago
- Two days before
- Four years
ago
- Four years before
- Today
- That day
-
Tomorrow
- The following day / The next day
- Next
week
- The following week
- The day after
tomorrow -
In two days time
- Here
- There
- This
- That
- These
- Those
A. STATEMENTS (Positive / Negative)
Jika
kalimat dalam Direct Speech berupa pernyataan (statement) baik positif atau
negative, maka kata sambung (the conjunction) dalah THAT yang
bermakna BAHWA.
E.g ( contoh ) :
Direct :
I say to my father, " I am fine today"
Indirect : I say
to my father that I am fine today.
Direct
: Safar said to us, " I will not be in the town hall tonight".
Indirect : Safar
said that he would not be in the town hall that night.
B. QUESTION SENTENCES
Question Sentences di bagi menjadi dua (2), yaitu :
1. Question sentences dengan
jawaban YES / NO.
Jika kalimat pertanyaan (Question Sentences) dalam kalimat langsung
dengan jawaban YES / NO, maka kata sambung (the conjunction) yang digunakan
adalah IF / WHETHER yang bermakna APAKAH.
E.g ( contoh ) :
Direct :
Alfa asks me, " Are you OK ?".
Indirect : Alfa
asks me if / whether I am OK.
Direct :
Vici asked Villa, " Will Elsa enter the class tomorrow ?"
Indirect : Vici
asked Villa if / whether Elsa would enter the class the following day.
2. Question sentences dengan menggunakan
Question Words (kata tanya)
Jika kalimat pertanyaan dalam kalimat
langsung (Direct Speech) menggunakan kata tanya, maka kata sambung (the
conjunction) yang digunakan adalah kata tanya (Question Words) itu sendiri.
E.g ( contoh ) :
Direct
: Ita asked Reza, " Who called me last night ?".
Indirect : Ita
asked Reza who had called her the night before.
Direct
: Azki asked them, " When will we go fishing ?".
Indirect :
Azki asked them when would they go fishing.
C.
Indirect Speech with Request / Command
Jika dalam kalimat langsung berupa kalimat perintah
(Command) atau kalimat permohonan (Request) maka kata sambung (the conjunction)
yang digunakakn adalah TO ( untuk kalimat perintah positif )
atau NOT TO (untuk kalimat perintah negatif).
E.g ( contoh ) :
Direct
: He told us, "Be patient!".
Indirect :
He told us to be patient.
Direct
: Faqih said to me, "Don't be naughty!".
Indirect
: Faqih said to me not to be naughty.
Direct
: Bella says to me, " would you help me ?"
Indirect
: Bella says to me to help her.
D. Indirect Speech with LET'S
Let's
adalah ungkapan ajakan. jika dalam kalimat langsung menggunakan Let's, maka
dalam kalimat tidak langsung bisa menggunakan kata kerja "INVITE"
atau "SUGGEST".
E.g ( contoh ) :
Direct
: Fathin said, " Let's eat together".
Indirect :
Fathin invited / suggested (us) to eat together.
Nah itu lah penjelasan mengenai Direct Indirect Speech (Kalimat Langsung dan Tidak langsung) ...
Terima kasih telah berkunjung, Semoga bermanfaat : )
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